// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved. // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style // license that can be found in the LICENSE file. // Package heap provides heap operations for any type that implements // heap.Interface. A heap is a tree with the property that each node is the // minimum-valued node in its subtree. // // The minimum element in the tree is the root, at index 0. // // A heap is a common way to implement a priority queue. To build a priority // queue, implement the Heap interface with the (negative) priority as the // ordering for the Less method, so Push adds items while Pop removes the // highest-priority item from the queue. The Examples include such an // implementation; the file example_pq_test.go has the complete source. // //read note 拷贝一个代码过来解析.感觉在go里面拷贝代码简单多了,依赖可以直接使用。我在这边使用read note(自定义todo标识)来标识我的解析. package sourceAnalysis import "sort" // The Interface type describes the requirements // for a type using the routines in this package. // Any type that implements it may be used as a // min-heap with the following invariants (established after // Init has been called or if the data is empty or sorted): // // !h.Less(j, i) for 0 <= i < h.Len() and 2*i+1 <= j <= 2*i+2 and j < h.Len() // // Note that Push and Pop in this interface are for package heap's // implementation to call. To add and remove things from the heap, // use heap.Push and heap.Pop. type Interface interface { sort.Interface Push(x interface{}) // add x as element Len() Pop() interface{} // remove and return element Len() - 1. } // Init establishes the heap invariants required by the other routines in this package. // Init is idempotent with respect to the heap invariants // and may be called whenever the heap invariants may have been invalidated. // The complexity is O(n) where n = h.Len(). //read note 对整个Interface 进行重构,时间复杂度是 O(n) func Init(h Interface) { // heapify n := h.Len() //read note 从最小父节点,到第0位的根节点,分别向下进行重构处理(之所以要用循环是因为一次向下的重构,只能对一条连续的分支进行重构,不彻底.) for i := n/2 - 1; i >= 0; i-- { down(h, i, n) } } // Push pushes the element x onto the heap. // The complexity is O(log n) where n = h.Len(). // read note 这个Push方法是往 Interface里面去新增一个元素.和我们继承的Push方法有差别.这边同时候做了重构操作. // 一次Push的时间复杂度是 O(logN),一次Init的时间复杂度是O(N),按道理Push的元素越多,Init的效率越高 func Push(h Interface, x interface{}) { //read note 先把元素添加进去 h.Push(x) //read note 然后在从下往上进行重构处理,正常情况下Push都是把元素添加在最后一个位置,如果实现的方法,把Push添加到其他位置如果不进行Init,应该是会有问题. up(h, h.Len()-1) } // Pop removes and returns the minimum element (according to Less) from the heap. // The complexity is O(log n) where n = h.Len(). // Pop is equivalent to Remove(h, 0). //read note 把最小的元素输出,需要注意的是真正的Pop必须是调用这个方法,而不是我们继承的那个方法. // 时间复杂度是O(logN) func Pop(h Interface) interface{} { //read note 真正的Pop输出的是最小的元素,也就是最小堆的第0位置的元素 // 所以这边的操作是把第0位的数组放到最后一位,然后从位置0开始,到N-1的位置,对所有元素进行down(父子节点比较交换)的操作 n := h.Len() - 1 h.Swap(0, n) down(h, 0, n) return h.Pop() } // Remove removes and returns the element at index i from the heap. // The complexity is O(log n) where n = h.Len(). //read note 移除某个位置的元素,时间复杂度是 o(logn) func Remove(h Interface, i int) interface{} { //read note 判断移除的下标不等于最后一个元素位置,要特殊处理 n := h.Len() - 1 if n != i { //read note 交换第i个元素和最后一个元素 h.Swap(i, n) //read note Fix的处理操作,这边只会处理到移除一个元素后的位置,也就是说被移除的那个元素(在最后的位置)不会参与重构数组的操作 if !down(h, i, n) { up(h, i) } } //read note 调用Pop,把最后一个元素返回回去 return h.Pop() } // Fix re-establishes the heap ordering after the element at index i has changed its value. // Changing the value of the element at index i and then calling Fix is equivalent to, // but less expensive than, calling Remove(h, i) followed by a Push of the new value. // The complexity is O(log n) where n = h.Len(). //read note 当下标为i的元素发生改变,需要进行一次Fix的处理,时间复杂度是 o(logn) func Fix(h Interface, i int) { //read note 想从下标i的这个元素往下查找处理,如果往下没有交换元素,再往上进行处理. if !down(h, i, h.Len()) { up(h, i) } } //read note h: 对应的数组数据 //read note j:子节点的下标 //read note 方法作用 func up(h Interface, j int) { for { //read note 拿到对应的父节点的下标 i := (j - 1) / 2 // parent //read note 找到最后一个父节点 || 父节点比子节点小,则跳出循环 if i == j || !h.Less(j, i) { break } //read note 否则就是父节点比子节点的值大,需要交换对应的元素,然后找到父节点的下标,再往上找其父节点的关系 h.Swap(i, j) j = i } } //read note h: 对应的数组数据 //read note i0: 需要下发处理的坐标,这边也就是左右子节点的父节点下标. //read note n: 数组对应的总长度 //read note 方法作用:从父节点开始,循环向下判断对应的元素是否在对应的环境上 func down(h Interface, i0, n int) bool { //read note 把父节点的下标拿出来 i := i0 //read note 循环的结束条件是: for { //read note 找到左边子节点下标 j1 := 2*i + 1 //read note 退出条件1:超过最大长度或者是负值(这个应该是针对传入就有问题的处理) if j1 >= n || j1 < 0 { // j1 < 0 after int overflow break } //read note 拿到左孩子和右孩子中比较小的那个元素(的下标) j := j1 // left child if j2 := j1 + 1; j2 < n && h.Less(j2, j1) { j = j2 // = 2*i + 2 // right child } //read note 判断父节点和子节点的大小关系,小的元素应该在父节点,所以如果子节点本身就比较小,直接退出循环,否则交换元素 //read note 然后再把下标移动到被交换的这个元素上,计算被交换的这个元素和它的左右子节点的大小关系,进入下一个循环 if !h.Less(j, i) { break } h.Swap(i, j) i = j } //read note 判断是否发生了交换操作 return i > i0 }